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饒毅評楊輝事件：中國“無科研造假”元年，但愿“空前”也是“絕后”

2021-04-13 10:55:24 作者：學術資源大全來源：饒議科學、科研圈分享至：

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2013 年，中科院神經科學研究所研究員楊輝以第一作者身份于《細胞》（Cell）發表題為“One-Step Generation of Mice Carrying Reporter and Conditional Alleles by CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Engineering”的論文，報告了一種利用 2 個 Cas9 mRNA 和 2 個 sgRNA、通過“雙供體”法創建轉基因小鼠的新技術，并表示該技術條件敲除等位基因的效率高達 16%，相較其他方法有明顯提升，在業內引發震動。

6 年后的2019年，來自全球七個國家、三十幾個大學、逾百位科學家聯合發表論文（美國內布拉斯加大學教授 Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy 為第一作者），指出根據楊輝等人 2013 年提出的雙供體法進行重復后，無法復現其 16% 的成功率。

2021 年 4 月 7 日，楊輝等通過 Genome Biology 發文回復上述質疑，指出已有其他團隊可成功重復該方法，效率從 2.5% 到 18% 不等。還表示：重復實驗時的方法以及試劑濃度都不同，導致了實驗無法重復。

同日（4月7日），Gurumurthy 等人隨即回應楊輝，指出：合作團隊內的所有實驗室都沒人能達到 16% 的效率，而且 2013 年的 Cell 論文沒有公布試劑的使用濃度等細節，曾經嘗試聯系作者但未得到回應。

4月9日，首都醫科大學校長饒毅在其個人公眾號“饒議科學”發表署名“活見久”，題為《中國“無科研造假”元年：但愿“空前”也是“絕后”》文章，鮮明的表明了自己的態度，全文如下：

中國“無科研造假”元年：但愿“空前”也是“絕后”

雖然2019年底中國國家希望嚴肅查處科研領域的學術不端，2020年卻有人欺上瞞下、玩忽職守，在2021年推出兩條震撼學術界的論調：

一是大家眾目睽睽之下的圖片造假鐵證，被國際上學術不入流、在國內能玩江湖把戲的人，化解為“圖片誤用”。

二是不懂科學的小官僚有點芝麻大的權力就認為自己可以公然宣稱科學實驗不用重復。

如果這兩條成為中國評判科研學術不端的標準，那么中國就再無科學研究不端的可能性，有不端也可以同樣輕易化解。

2021年就有成為中國無科研造假元年的危險。這種危險，對中國、中國人民都是危害，只有利于把中國高尚的科學變成低級趣味江湖的小人。

有人假惺惺建議，學術批評只能在英文學術刊物進行，不能有中文文章。其實，這種人的多數（但非百分之百）是寄希望中國大多數人不讀英文，只有英文批評就可以溜過去。

考驗這些人的時間來了：七個國家、三十幾個大學、逾百位科學家一而再地嚴重質疑同一篇文章，在中國，會得到嚴肅調查、嚴格處理嗎？

答案，恐怕很不確定。

元年剛被宣布中國無造假，笑話又來了，雖然可能是黑色笑話。

2021年4月7日，美國、英國、澳大利亞、日本、加拿大、比利時、捷克等7個國家、三十幾個大學、逾百位科學家（包括華裔科學家）發表文章，再次批駁中國科學院上海神經科學研究所楊輝研究員與2013年發表的《細胞》論文。

簡而言之，2013年楊輝的論文普遍不能被重復。

科學界常常就算了，沒有人糾結這種。

但是，可能是因為被浪費時間和資源太多而氣不過，一些科學家義憤填膺聯合執筆于2019年發表批評2013年論文。2021年楊輝發表對批評的反駁。2021年這些科學家再反駁。

活的太久了，沒有見過七個國家、三十幾個大學、超過百位科學家反復質疑同一篇文章。

這位楊輝，2020年4月在《細胞》還有一篇文章，被加州大學付向東教授質疑是偷付向東實驗室的想法，而這篇文章最近也被哈佛大學、霍普金斯大學的著名美國教授懷疑，并有多位華人教授質疑可靠性

（見：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/AIdZ7k3dm8AlQZB0WFyi9A）。

但愿中國人的科研文章被“七個國家、三十幾個大學、超過百位科學家反復質疑”只有這空前的一次，而絕后。

楊輝的文章和批評文章，批評楊輝的科學家名單：

Yang H, Wang H, Shivalila CS, Cheng AW, Shi L, Jaenisch R （2013） One-step generation of mice carrying reporter and conditional alleles by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Cell154:1370-1309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.022.

Gurumurthy CB, O'Brien AR, Quadros RM, Adams J Jr, Alcaide P, Ayabe S, Ballard J, Batra SK, Beauchamp MC, Becker KA, et al. （2019） Reproducibility of CRISPR-Cas9 methods for generation of conditional mouse alleles: a multi-center evaluation. Genome Biology20:171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1776-2.

Yang H, Wang H, Jaenisch R （2021） Response to “Reproducibility of CRISPR-Cas9 methods for generation of conditional mouse alleles: a multi-center evaluation”。 Genome Biology 22:98.

Gurumurthy, C.B., O'Brien, A.R., Quadros, R.M. et al. （2021） Response to correspondence on “Reproducibility of CRISPR-Cas9 methods for generation of conditional mouse alleles: a multi-center evaluation”。 Genome Biology 22:99

1. Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility, Vice Chancellor for Research Office, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy, Rolen M. Quadros & Donald W. Harms

2. Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy

3. Transformational Bioinformatics, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, CSIRO, Sydney, Australia

Aidan R. O'Brien

4. Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, the John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

Aidan R. O'Brien, Jing Gao, Nay-Chi Khin, Jenna Lowe, Nikki Ross, Lora Starrs & Gaetan Burgio

5. Texas A&M Institute for Genomic Medicine （TIGM）， Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

John Adams Jr, Johnathan Ballard, Amy Gonzales, Huiping Guo, Benjamin Morpurgo & Andrei Golovko

6. Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA

Pilar Alcaide, Francisco Carrillo-Salinas & Ane M. Salvador

7. RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan

Shinya Ayabe, Mizuho Iwama, Koji Nakade, Toshiaki Nakashiba, Kenichi Nakashima, Yuichi Obata & Atsushi Yoshiki

8. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

Surinder K. Batra, Imayavaramban Lakshmanan & Moorthy P. Ponnusamy

9. Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Research Institute McGill University Health Center （RI-MUHC）， Montreal, Canada

Marie-Claude Beauchamp, Wesley Chan, Loydie Jerome-Majeweska & Sabrina Shameen Alam

10. Maine Medical Center Research Institute （MMCRI）， Scarborough, ME, USA

Kathleen A. Becker, Victoria DeMambro, Anyonya Guntur, Anne Harrington, Michelle Karolak, Volkhard Lindner, Katherine Motyl, Leif Oxburgh, Ilka Pinz, Clifford J. Rosen, Larisa Ryzhova & Lucy Liaw

11.Transgenesis and Animal Modeling Core Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal （CRCHUM）， Montreal, Canada

Guillaume Bernas, Mariette Ouellet & Jean-Francois Schmouth

12. Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK

David Brough & Catherine B. Lawrence

13. School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

Hanying Chen

14. South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

Ruby Dawson, Sandra Piltz & Paul Thomas

15. Transgenic mouse core facility, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium

Jinke D'Hont, Katrien Staes, Leen Vanhoutte, Frederique Vanrockeghem & Tino Hochepied

16. Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Jinke D'Hont, Katrien Staes, Leen Vanhoutte, Frederique Vanrockeghem & Tino Hochepied

17. Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Katharine Dibb & Andrew Trafford

18. High-Throughput DNA Sequencing and Genotyping Core Facility, Vice Chancellor for Research Office, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA

James D. Eudy & Ronald J. Redder

19. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA

Lin Gan & Joseph M. Miano

20.Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Kathryn E. Hentges

21. Transgenic Unit core facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Neil Humphreys & Antony D. Adamson

22.Department of Basic Medicine, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan

Shiho Imai & Taiji Matsusaka

23.Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

Hideshi Ishii

24.The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

Eric Jonasch, Xian-De Liu, Chad Smith, Xuesong Zhang & Jan Parker-Thornburg

25.Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester AND Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK

Bernard Keavney

26.Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

Masamitsu Konno

27.The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

Yuko Kotani, Yayoi Kunihiro, Yoshiki Miyasaka, Yoshihiro Uno, Yuko Yamauchi, Kazuto Yoshimi & Tomoji Mashimo

28.Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montreal （CRCHUM）， Montreal, Canada

Catherine Larochelle

29.Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA

Lin Li, Yu Zhang & Hao Zhu

30.Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research （MCCIR）， School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Gloria Lopez-Castejon

31. Centre for Biological Timing, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Andrew Loudon

32.Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan

Hiromi Miura & Masato Ohtsuka

33.Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan

Hiromi Miura & Masato Ohtsuka

34.Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan

Yo-ichi Nabeshima

35.Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan

Sanae Ogiwara

36.Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37LE, UK

David Ray

37.Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, USA

Mark T. Ruhe, Brandon J. Willis, K. C. Kent Lloyd & Joshua A. Wood

38.Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases and Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

Radislav Sedlacek & Petr Kasparek

39.College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, 46222, USA

Karan Sharma

40.Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Fumihiro Sugiyama, Satoru Takahashi & Seiya Mizuno

41. Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan

Tomohiro Tanaka

42.Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

Christian S. Wright, Xin Yi & William R. Thompson

43.Lillehei Heart Institute Regenerative Medicine and Sciences Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

Satyabrata Das & Daniel J. Garry

44.Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA